When dealing with network traffic, understanding the behavior of different protocols is vital. UDP, or User Datagram Protocol, is a...
Yes, both Windows 10 and 11 include a built-in command-line tool for packet capturing named “Packet Monitor” or pktmon. It...
There are 4 commands that are useful: netstat -s netstat -e netsh interface ipv4 show ipstats netsh interface ipv4 show...
Command Prompt: for /L %i in (1,1,254) do @ping -n 1 4.2.2.%i | find "Reply" Powershell: 1..254 | % {...
Cisco has a command that can run TDR tests on an interface. A TDR (time-domain reflectometer) is an electronic instrument...
Finding Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) topology changes in a network is not always straightforward. However, it is critical to identify...
This command is a good one that I use often. There are time I want to see if a route...
Knowing which devices are sending BPDU packets on the network when troubleshooting spanning tree issues can be helpful. This allows...
In my case I was troubleshooting an interface that had to be 100Mb. But these commands can be used on...